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All the organs of
human body work in co-ordination.
Various human organs
are:
Liver, lungs, heart
and brain e.t.c
Central part
of human body is brain. It controls and directs all parts of the body.
Adult human
has approximately 1.4 Kg of brain.
If our brain
gets wound, it can never heal as it does not have growth system in itself.
The shape of
stomach is“J” letter like.
Digestion of
food starts from mouth and is completed in large intestine.
Ulcer is wound
in stomach caused by over eating.
Carbonated
drinks help in digestion of food by speeding up the process of digestion.
In every
human’s mouth, there are two sets of teeth.
A. Initial or
milk teeth also known as primary teeth. The number of primary teeth is 20.
These start growing at the age of 3 years.
B. An adult
has 32 teeth which are known as permanent teeth.
Elephants have
large years that help it to regulate its body temperature.
African
elephants have large ears as compared to Asian elephants.
Nose has two
openings called nostrils. With the help of these nostrils, nose takes in outer
air (Oxygen) and send it to the lungs. It also exhales the bad air (Carbon
dioxide)from nose and leaves it into
surroundings.
Nose
filters,warms and moistens air with the help of hair .
Lungs are
respiratory organs and are two in numbers. These are located in the chest
(Thorax).
Lungs are
covered in ribs.
Oxygen is
first passed into the wind-pipe called tracea. Tracea conducts inhaled air into
lungs through its tubular branches called bronchi. The bronchi then divides
into smaller branches (bronchioles).
Lungs absorb
inhaled oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (CO2).
Asthma and
lung cancers are the two important diseases of lungs.
Pumping
station of the body is called heart.
Heart
suppliesblood to all organs and body
parts through arteries.
Heart is
located slightly towards left side of the chest (Thorax).
It pumps about
72 times in a minute.
Skeletal
muscles help us in movement.
Human skeleton
and muscles work in co-ordination to provide us movement.
All bones of
our body are collectively called skeleton.
There are 206
total number of bones in human.
The function of
skeleton is to provide us support and protection to the body. It also protects
our organs in the body.
Minerals are
obtained from vegetables, fruits, grain, meat and sea food.They provide us
growth for body.
Vitamins are
found in fruits and vegetables. They protect us from various diseases.
Proteins are
known as body making food.
They provide
us growth and maintenance to our tissues.
Milk, meat,
eggs and pulses are rich source of proteins.
Fats are found
in oil, butter e.t.c. They provide us energy and warmth.
Fats give more
energy than proteins and carbohydrates.
Vitamins help
our body in working properly.
Minerals are
essential for improvement and growth of our body. Our body needs 21 minerals;
Calcium,Nitrogen,carbon,Sulphur,Phosphprous
e.t.c
Living things
depending on living and non livingthings for their survival. These things are known as component of the
ecosystem.
The
surroundings of the living things which include living and non living things is
known as ecosystem.
Biotic
components include :1. Plants2. Animals
Abiotic
components of the ecosystem are :1.
Sun2. Water3. Air4. Soil
According to
consumption of food, animals fall into three categories :
1. Herbivores:
They depend upon plants for their food consumption.
2. Carnivores:
They depend upon animal flash.
3. Omnivores:
They depend upon both plants and animals.
Goat is a
herbivores, cheetah is carnivores and peacock and humans are omnivores.
Food chain is
distributed into three types :
1. Producer: -
Plants are producers. They get energy from sun and this energy helps in
preparation of food.
2. Consumers :
(a) Herbivores: - These are primary consumers
and they eat plants, fruits and vegetables. Eg.Goat and birds
(b) Carnivores are secondary consumer. They
eat primary consumers. Cat is secondary consumer as it depends upon primary
consumers. Eg. Cat eats rats and birds.
(c) Tertiary consumer:
- They eat primary and secondary consumers. Egwolf.
Omnivores eat
producers and consumers.
3.
Decomposers:- They decompose the dead bodies of producers and consumers and
make the essential elements available for the soil.
Humans are
omnivores.
Order of food
chain is :Producer ----------→ Consumer
----------→ Decomposer
Anything which
has mass and occupies a space is called matter.
There are
three states of matter:(1) Solid(2) Liquid(3) Gas
Solids are
hard in nature. They have fix shape and definite volume. They are not
compressed by pressure.
Anything which
occupies space is called volume.
Volume =
Length × Width × Height
The unit of
volume is cubic centimetre (cm3).
Liquid does
not have shape of its own. It acquires the shape of container in which it is
placed.
Gas has
neither shape nor fixed volume. It can be compressed due to large space between
its molecules.
All states of
matter are inter convertible that means they can be converted into one another.
Solids,liquids
and gases mix with one another to form mixture.
Air, drinking
water, sea, sharbat etc are mixtures.
Solution is
also a homogenous mixture.
Things which
dissolve in water are called soluble. Eg .Sugar and salt.
Things which
do not dissolve in water are called insoluble. Eg . Sand particles.
Degree of
hotness or coldness of a body is called temperature.
It is measured
in thermometer.
Heat is the
form of energy which flows from high temperature to low temperature.
Heat is
measured in joules and calories. These are the S.I units of heat.
Clinical
thermometer is used to measure body temperature. It has mercury inside it.
Laboratory
thermometer has alcohol inside it.
There are
various scales to measure temperature :
1.Fahrenheit
(̊F)2.Celsius or Centigrade (̊C)
Freezing point
in Fahrenheit scale is 32̊ ̊F.
Boiling point
in Fahrenheit scale is 212 ̊F.
Freezing point
in Celsius scale is 0̊C.
Boiling point
in Celsius scale is 100̊C.
Human body
temperature is 98.6̊F or 37̊C.
In laboratory
thermometer lowest point is -10̊C and
highest point is 110̊C.
In clinical
thermometer it is up to 42̊C.
Pulling or
pushing of a body is called force.
Force can
change the direction of things or body.
Force also
changes shapes of body.
Speed =
distance/time(Distance covered by a body with respect to
time is called speed).
The unit of
speed is m/sor meter per second.
Sound is also
a form of energy. It is measured in the unit of decibels.
If the
intensity of a sound is about 135 decibels, it is called a noise .
A thing or
matter from which matter passes is called medium.
Speed of sound
is fastest in solids because solid things are dense and tightly packed and
their particles are close to one another and they help sound in passing
through.
Sound does not
travel in vacuum as space is vaccum therefore, we can not listen to explosions and
their sound on earth.
Noise is known
as unpleasant sound.
Sound is
produced through vibrations.
Substances
which conduct electricity are known as conductors and those substances which do
not conduct electric current are called non conductors.
Everything of
this world is matter. Matter is itself made of smallbuilding blocks known as atom.
Atom has three
sub-atomic particles :1. Electron
(-)2. Proton (+)3. Neutron (no charge).
Electric
current is flow of electrons or negative charges.
LEDs -------
Light Emitting Diodes.
Magnet
attracts iron (Fe) , Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni).
Coins are
mostly made of nickel element.
Magnet has two
Poles North and South poles.
Similar poles
repels each other whereas, dissimilar poles attract each other.
Earth is also
a large magnet. It has its own poles.
Magnetic properties of a magnet can be
diminished by :
1. Breaking
magnet2. Heating magnet
Permanent
magnetism that can hold their properties for long time.
Temporary
magnetism by :
Making solid,
Fe,Co and nickel close to the magnet and by rubbing it.
Earth is the 3rd
planet of our solar system.
Earth is round
or oval shaped.
Earth moves
from west to east.
Due to rotation of earth days are converted into
nights.
It completes
its rotation in 24 hours.
Mercury planet
is closest to sun.
Earth takes
365 days and 6 hours to complete revolution.
Revolution of
earth causes changes in seasons.
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